1. Diverticular Disease

Diverticular disease occurs when small pouches (diverticula) form in the walls of the colon. It is common, particularly in older adults, and often related to a low-fibre diet. These pouches typically form in the sigmoid colon and are usually asymptomatic. However, when they cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, it is referred to as symptomatic diverticular disease.

2. Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis refers to the inflammation or infection of these diverticula. It occurs when faecal matter or bacteria get trapped in the pouches, leading to inflammation. Symptoms of diverticulitis are more severe and may include:

Intense, constant abdominal pain (often on the lower left side)

Fever

Nausea and vomiting

Constipation or diarrhoea

Diverticulitis can be mild or severe, and complications like abscesses, perforations, or peritonitis can occur in severe cases.

Treatment Approaches

a. Diverticular Disease

Dietary Changes: Increasing fibre intake (e.g., whole grains, fruits, and vegetables) helps soften the stool and prevent new diverticula from forming.

Pain Management: Antispasmodics like mebeverine may help with abdominal pain.

Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise and adequate hydration are recommended.

b. Diverticulitis

Mild Cases:

Treated with  oral antibiotics  if an infection is suspected.

A low-fibre or liquid diet initially, gradually transitioning back to a high-fibre diet as symptoms resolve.

Severe Cases:

Hospitalisation may be required for intravenous antibiotics.

In cases of complications (e.g., abscess, perforation), surgery might be necessary.

Prevention Tips

High-fibre diet (20-30 grams per day) to maintain healthy bowel movements.

Regular physical activity.

Staying hydrated and avoiding constipation.

For UK-specific guidelines, the NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) provides comprehensive recommendations on managing diverticular disease and diverticulitis​. The NHS also offers practical advice on dietary adjustments and treatment options

Dr Geranmayeh