Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine. It’s characterized by symptoms such as:

Abdominal pain or cramping
Bloating
Gas
Diarrhoea or constipation (sometimes alternating between both)
Mucus in the stool

The exact cause of IBS is not known, but it is believed to be related to a combination of factors, including abnormal muscle contractions in the intestines, increased sensitivity to digestive processes, stress, and changes in gut bacteria.

Types of IBS

IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D): Predominantly diarrheal.
IBS with constipation (IBS-C): Predominantly constipation.
IBS with mixed bowel habits (IBS-M): Alternating between diarrhoea and constipation.

Treatment of IBS

There is no cure for IBS, but symptoms can often be managed effectively through lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, medications, and stress management.

1. Dietary Changes

Low FODMAP Diet: This is a diet low in certain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) that are poorly absorbed in the gut and can trigger symptoms. You can read more about this diet here: Monash University Low FODMAP Diet ( this is not mentioned in the NHS IBS guideline).
Increase Fiber: For those with constipation, adding more soluble fiber (found in foods like oats, bananas, and carrots) may help.
Avoid Trigger Foods: Common trigger foods include caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods, and fatty foods. Keeping a food diary can help identify your specific triggers.

2. Medications

Antispasmodics: These can help reduce abdominal cramping.
Laxatives: For constipation-predominant IBS, over-the-counter laxatives can help. However, they should be used under a doctor’s guidance.
Anti-diarrheal Medications: For diarrheal-predominant IBS, medications like loperamide can help manage symptoms.
Probiotics: These may help balance gut bacteria and reduce IBS symptoms in some people.

3. Psychological Therapies

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): This is used to help manage stress and change negative thought patterns that may exacerbate IBS symptoms.
Hypnotherapy: Some studies have shown that hypnotherapy can reduce symptoms in certain people with IBS.
Stress Management: Techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can help manage IBS symptoms that are triggered or worsened by stress.

4. Other Treatments

Peppermint Oil: Known to relax the muscles in the digestive tract and may help with bloating and discomfort.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience persistent changes in bowel habits or severe symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out other conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease.

Further Resources:
NHS IBS Guide: NHS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome
American College of Gastroenterology: ACG - IBS Treatment Guidelines
Mayo Clinic: Mayo Clinic - IBS Overview and Treatment
Dr Geranmayeh